Zone 10a planting calendar

In USDA hardiness zone 10a, the average last spring frost is around January 31 and the average first fall frost around December 20: a growing season of about 323 days. Here is when to start seeds, plant, and harvest 157 vegetables, fruits, herbs, and flowers.

Zones measure winter cold, not frost dates, so these are regional averages. Frost-tender crops wait until about February 14, when a late frost is unlikely.

Get exact dates for your ZIP code

Vegetables

CropStart indoorsPlant outsideHarvestPlant for fall
Amaranth (greens)—Feb 14 – Feb 28Mar 31 – Jun 9—
ArtichokeNov 15Jan 24 – Feb 7May 14 – Jul 9—
Arugula—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 7 – Mar 14Nov 1 – Nov 15
Asparagus—Jan 3 – Jan 17Jan 17 – Mar 14 (once established)—
Beet—Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 6 – Apr 17Oct 19 – Nov 2
Bok choy—Jan 10 – Jan 24Feb 24 – Mar 24Oct 22 – Nov 5
BroccoliNov 29Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 11 – Apr 15Oct 14 – Oct 28
Broccoli raab (rapini)—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 17 – Mar 17Oct 22 – Nov 5
Brussels sproutsDec 6Jan 17 – Jan 31Apr 27 – Jun 22—
CabbageNov 22Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 14 – Apr 18Oct 11 – Oct 25
Carrot—Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 21 – May 2Oct 11 – Oct 25
CauliflowerDec 6Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 23 – Apr 20Oct 2 – Oct 16
CeleriacNov 29Feb 7 – Feb 21May 28 – Jul 9—
CeleryNov 29Feb 7 – Feb 21May 18 – Jul 13—
Cherry tomatoDec 27Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 15 – Jul 22—
Collard greensNov 22Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 4 – Jun 10Nov 4 – Nov 18
CucamelonJan 3Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 25 – Jul 18—
Cucumber—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 10 – May 29—
Daikon radish—Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 11 – Apr 15Oct 14 – Oct 28
Dry beans—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 20 – Jun 24—
Edamame—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 10 – Jun 7—
EggplantDec 20Feb 21 – Mar 7May 7 – Jul 16—
Endive / escarole—Jan 17 – Jan 31Apr 12 – May 17Sep 19 – Oct 3
Fava beans—Dec 20 – Jan 3Mar 15 – Apr 19—
Garlic—Nov 15 – Dec 6 (fall)May 25 – Jun 15 next year—
Green beans (bush)—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 10 – May 22—
Horseradish—Jan 10 – Jan 24Dec 20 – Jan 31—
Hot pepperDec 13Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 25 – Jul 18—
KaleNov 22Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 27 – May 22Nov 9 – Nov 23
Kohlrabi—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 22 – Mar 22Oct 17 – Oct 31
LeeksNov 8Jan 17 – Jan 31May 7 – Jul 16—
Lettuce—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 17 – Mar 31Oct 22 – Nov 5
Lima beans—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 5 – Jun 16—
Mâche (corn salad)—Dec 20 – Jan 3Feb 8 – Mar 22Nov 28 – Dec 12
Malabar spinachJan 3Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 25 – Jul 18—
Mizuna—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 12 – Mar 26Nov 3 – Nov 17
Mustard greens—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 12 – Mar 26Nov 3 – Nov 17
Napa cabbageDec 13Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 28 – Apr 25Sep 27 – Oct 11
Okra—Feb 21 – Mar 7Apr 22 – Jul 15—
Onion (sets)—Dec 27 – Jan 10Apr 6 – May 11—
Onion (transplants)Oct 25Jan 3 – Jan 17Apr 13 – May 18—
Parsnip—Jan 17 – Jan 31May 17 – Jul 12—
Peanuts—Feb 14 – Feb 28Jun 14 – Jul 12—
Peas—Dec 20 – Jan 3Feb 18 – Mar 25Sep 30 – Oct 14
PepperDec 13Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 30 – Jul 23—
Pole beans—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 20 – Jun 29—
Popcorn—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 25 – Jun 22—
Potato—Jan 10 – Jan 24Apr 10 – May 15—
Pumpkin—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 30 – Jul 4—
RadicchioDec 13Jan 17 – Jan 31Apr 7 – May 12Sep 24 – Oct 8
Radish—Dec 27 – Jan 10Jan 21 – Feb 18Nov 11 – Nov 25
Rhubarb—Jan 3 – Jan 17Jan 31 – Apr 11 (once established)—
Rutabaga—Jan 17 – Jan 31Apr 17 – May 29Sep 21 – Oct 5
Scallions—Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 4 – May 13Oct 14 – Oct 28
Shallots—Jan 3 – Jan 17Apr 13 – May 18—
Snap peas—Dec 20 – Jan 3Feb 23 – Mar 30Sep 25 – Oct 9
Sorrel—Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 4 – Aug 5—
Southern peas (cowpeas)—Feb 21 – Mar 7May 2 – Jun 13—
Spinach—Dec 20 – Jan 3Jan 29 – Mar 12Nov 10 – Nov 24
Sunchoke (Jerusalem artichoke)—Jan 17 – Jan 31Dec 20 – Feb 28—
Sweet corn—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 30 – May 28—
Sweet potatoJan 10Feb 21 – Mar 7Jun 1 – Jun 29—
Swiss chard—Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 13 – Jul 3Oct 19 – Nov 2
Tatsoi—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 17 – Mar 31Nov 5 – Nov 19
TomatilloDec 27Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 30 – Jul 9—
TomatoDec 27Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 25 – Jul 18—
Turnip—Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 22 – Mar 29Oct 24 – Nov 7
Winter squash—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 20 – Jun 24—
Zucchini / Summer squash—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 5 – Jun 14—

Fruit

CropStart indoorsPlant outsideHarvestPlant for fall
Apple tree—Jan 10 – Jan 24Oct 11 – Nov 29 (once established)—
Apricot tree—Jan 10 – Jan 24Apr 18 – May 9 (once established)—
Blackberry—Jan 10 – Jan 24Apr 18 – May 23 (once established)—
Blueberry—Jan 10 – Jan 24Apr 4 – May 16 (once established)—
Cantaloupe—Feb 21 – Mar 7May 12 – Jun 16—
Cherry tree (sweet)—Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 28 – Apr 18 (once established)—
Currant—Jan 3 – Jan 17Apr 11 – May 9 (once established)—
Elderberry—Jan 10 – Jan 24May 16 – Jun 20 (once established)—
Fig—Feb 7 – Feb 21Oct 11 – Dec 6 (once established)—
Gooseberry—Jan 3 – Jan 17Apr 11 – May 9 (once established)—
Grape—Jan 10 – Jan 24Oct 25 – Dec 6 (once established)—
Ground cherryDec 27Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 25 – Jul 4—
Honeyberry (haskap)—Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 21 – Apr 11 (once established)—
Honeydew—Feb 21 – Mar 7May 27 – Jul 1—
Meyer lemon—Feb 21 – Mar 7Nov 22 – Feb 14 (once established)—
Peach tree—Jan 10 – Jan 24May 9 – Jun 20 (once established)—
Pear tree—Jan 10 – Jan 24Sep 27 – Nov 15 (once established)—
Plum tree—Jan 10 – Jan 24May 9 – Jun 6 (once established)—
Raspberry (fall-bearing)—Jan 10 – Jan 24Nov 8 – Dec 20—
Raspberry (summer)—Jan 10 – Jan 24Apr 4 – May 9 (once established)—
Strawberry (everbearing)—Jan 10 – Jan 24Apr 10 – Jul 17—
Strawberry (June-bearing)—Jan 10 – Jan 24Feb 28 – Mar 28 (once established)—
Watermelon—Feb 21 – Mar 7May 17 – Jun 21—

Herbs

CropStart indoorsPlant outsideHarvestPlant for fall
BasilJan 3Feb 14 – Feb 28Mar 16 – Jun 22—
Borage—Jan 31 – Feb 14Mar 27 – Jun 19—
Cannabis auto—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 5 – Jun 2Sep 3 – Sep 17
Cannabis regularJan 17Feb 14 – Feb 28Jul 9 – Aug 13—
CatnipDec 6Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 18 – Jul 22—
Chamomile—Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 18 – May 27—
Chervil—Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 1 – Apr 12Oct 17 – Oct 31
ChivesNov 15Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 11 – Aug 12—
Cilantro—Jan 10 – Jan 24Feb 24 – Mar 31Oct 22 – Nov 5
Dill—Feb 14 – Feb 28Mar 31 – May 26—
Fennel (bulb)—Jan 31 – Feb 14Apr 21 – May 26Sep 17 – Oct 1
Garlic chivesNov 22Jan 17 – Jan 31Apr 7 – Aug 11—
LavenderNov 29Feb 7 – Feb 21May 8 – Jun 19—
Lemon balmDec 6Jan 31 – Feb 14Apr 1 – Aug 5—
Lemongrass—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 15 – Jul 24—
LovageNov 22Jan 17 – Jan 31Apr 7 – Aug 11—
MarjoramDec 13Feb 7 – Feb 21Apr 18 – Jul 25—
Mint—Jan 24 – Feb 7Feb 23 – Jul 27—
OreganoDec 6Jan 31 – Feb 14Apr 1 – Aug 5—
ParsleyNov 22Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 28 – Aug 1—
Rosemary—Feb 7 – Feb 21Mar 24 – Aug 25—
SageDec 6Jan 31 – Feb 14Apr 16 – Aug 20—
SteviaDec 20Feb 14 – Feb 28May 15 – Jul 24—
Summer savory—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 15 – Jun 24—
Tarragon (French)—Feb 7 – Feb 21Apr 8 – Jul 15—
Thai basilJan 3Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 15 – Jul 22—
ThymeDec 6Jan 31 – Feb 14Apr 11 – Aug 15—

Flowers

CropStart indoorsPlant outsideHarvestPlant for fall
Bachelor's button—Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 9 – May 18—
Begonia—Feb 14 – Feb 28Mar 31 – Oct 13—
Black-eyed SusanNov 29Jan 24 – Feb 7Apr 24 – Jul 17—
Calendula—Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 8 – Jun 14Oct 17 – Oct 31
ColeusDec 6Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 5 – Oct 18—
Coneflower (echinacea)—Jan 31 – Feb 14May 1 – Jul 24—
Cosmos—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 30 – Jul 23—
Daffodil—Nov 22 – Dec 27 (fall)Jan 3 – Jan 31 next year—
Dahlia—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 25 – Aug 3—
Daylily—Jan 31 – Feb 14Apr 11 – Jun 6—
Geranium—Feb 14 – Feb 28Mar 31 – Oct 13—
Gladiolus—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 5 – Jun 9—
Hosta—Jan 31 – Feb 14Apr 11 – Jun 6—
ImpatiensDec 6Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 5 – Oct 18—
MarigoldJan 3Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 5 – Jul 26—
Milkweed—Feb 7 – Feb 21May 8 – Jul 17—
Nasturtium—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 10 – Jul 17—
Pansy / violaOct 25Jan 3 – Jan 17Feb 17 – Apr 28Oct 22 – Nov 5
Peony—Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 7 – Mar 28 (once established)—
PetuniaNov 29Feb 7 – Feb 21Mar 29 – Oct 11—
Phacelia—Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 3 – Apr 28—
Rose—Jan 17 – Jan 31Mar 21 – Jul 4—
Salvia (ornamental)Nov 29Feb 7 – Feb 21Apr 18 – Oct 31—
SnapdragonNov 22Jan 17 – Jan 31Apr 7 – Jun 30—
StrawflowerJan 3Feb 14 – Feb 28May 15 – Aug 7—
Sunflower—Feb 14 – Feb 28May 5 – Jun 9—
Sweet alyssumDec 13Jan 24 – Feb 7Mar 15 – Jul 19—
Sweet pea (flower)—Dec 20 – Jan 3Mar 5 – Apr 30—
Tulip—Nov 29 – Jan 3 (fall)Jan 24 – Feb 28 next year—
Vinca (periwinkle)Nov 29Feb 21 – Mar 7Apr 22 – Nov 4—
Zinnia—Feb 14 – Feb 28Apr 25 – Jul 18—

Cover crops

CropStart indoorsPlant outsideHarvestPlant for fall
Austrian winter peas—Oct 31 – Nov 21 (fall)Feb 21 – Mar 21 next year—
Buckwheat—Feb 14 – Feb 28Mar 21 – Apr 18—
Cereal rye (winter rye)—Nov 15 – Dec 27 (fall)Feb 21 – Mar 21 next year—
Crimson clover—Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 4 – Apr 8Oct 21 – Nov 4
Hairy vetch—Oct 31 – Nov 28 (fall)Mar 7 – Apr 4 next year—
Oats (cover crop)—Jan 3 – Jan 17Mar 4 – Apr 8Oct 14 – Oct 28
White clover—Jan 10 – Jan 24Mar 21 – May 30Sep 13 – Sep 27

Frost dates in zone 10a

Average last spring frost
January 31
Safe for frost-tender plants
February 14
Average first fall frost
December 20
Growing season
About 323 days

Your own dates can be a few weeks either side, depending on elevation, nearby water, and whether you're in a city or a low frost pocket.

States with zone 10a

Arizona, California, Florida

Month by month

January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

Other zones

Zone 9b · Zone 10b · All zones and states